The Economic Growth Of Brazil - 1214 Words

Unemployment in Brazil Brazil is a country situated in Southern America and is listed among the emerging economies owing to its potential of economic growth. In other words, Brazil is among Russia India and China, or the BRIC which are said to be emerging economies because in the recent past they have recorded the highest level of economic growth. Economic growth contributes greatly to the other concerns in the economy such as the gross domestic product, unemployment, inflation and the quantities of demand and supply. Brazil has sustained the highest level of productivity across the globe and this is attributed to the billions of dollars that it generates from goods and services on an annual basis. In addition, Brazil’s debt has been declining over the years and it is expected to stabilize, as demonstrated by their continued economic growth rate. Brazil’s debt to GDP ratio is said to be at 60%, and since the country is listed among the developing economies, this is considered reasonable (Rap oza, 2014). The rate of employment in the country is also another indicator of the high level of economic growth in the country and it has been increasing since the end of the global financial crisis in 2008. For this reason, this paper seeks to evaluate the unemployment rate in Brazil and how it relates to the economic status of the country. Unemployment refers to the number of unemployed individuals living in the country compared to the total number of the labor force. UnemploymentShow MoreRelatedBrazil s Monetary Policies And Its Effects On Country s Economic Growth3786 Words   |  16 Pages8. Conclusion 11 9. References 12 10. Appendix 13 1. Introduction The main purpose of this report is to critically analyse Mexico’s monetary policies in past 15 years and their impact on country’s economic growth. In this report, we mainly focus on ‘exchange rate policy ‘which has been implemented by Central Bank of Mexico. The main reason of choosing Mexico as a country to analyse is that Mexico, the second largest economy in Latin America, has gone throughRead MoreEffects of Globalisation on Brazil1443 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the impact of globalisation on Brazil: Orientation: Globalisation refers to the integration between different countries and economies and the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity. Brazil is one of the fastest growing economies and superpower of South America. In the recent decade Globalisation has allowed Brazil’s economy to sustain stable economic growth, this was proven when Brazil experienced a very mild recession during the GlobalRead MoreComparing The Economic Profiles Of Brazil And France1677 Words   |  7 PagesEC4001/AP4001 Macroeconomic Report: Comparing the Economic Profiles of Brazil and France Daniel Williams K1355702 Table of Contents Page 1 Summary Page 2 Introduction Page 3 Macroeconomic Comparisons: GDP Page 4 Macroeconomic Comparisons: Activities in Trade Page 5 Macroeconomic Comparisons: Living Standards Page 6 Macroeconomic Comparisons: Labour Productivity Page 7 Conclusion Page 8 References Summary France and Brazil have shown to have different economies, butRead MoreCompare and Contrast Brazil and China as Bric Countries1636 Words   |  7 PagesCurrently, economic world are more dynamic. Many developed countries such as European Union, US, and Japan as the largest economic are going to be overtaken by developing countries, particularly BRIC. BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Those countries are growing rapidly and making contribution to the world economy as Goldman Sachs (2010) said, â€Å"Between 2000 and 2008, the BRICs contributed almost 30% to global growth in US Dollar terms, compared with around 16% in the previous decade†Read MoreIndia s Growth Of Domestic Market954 Words   |  4 PagesLater that year, Brazil saw a brisk rise in inflation and a slow growth of domestic market. This led Brazil to a balance of payment shortcoming since there were more import goods rather than exports. Because of this flaw, there have been a lot of government†™s intervention in the market. But such intervention could not fix the failure in the market and the import goods were still exceeding. This period of industrialization in Brazil is viewed as the background of the later decline of its regular commoditiesRead MoreThe Economic Health Of The World Is Not Dependent On Just One1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe economic health of the world is not dependent on just one â€Å"thing†. There is no single variable that can be narrowed down that is responsible for the ups and downs that we as a global economy experience in any given day, month, or year. Instead, the health of the global economy is heavily reliant on the amount of effort that is put into keeping and maintaining it. How is this done? By making sure that we are all on the same page and working toward a similar goal. One of the bigger problems thatRead MoreHow Is Economic Development Different Than Economic Growth?1242 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment: How is Economic Development Different than Economic Growth? Numbers can say a lot about the economic health and general prosperity of a nation. But, as we ve learned in the case of Brazil and Costa Rica, some numbers can be far more important than others. Even if your country is experiencing phenomenal economic growth, its people may be suffering. In many cases, economic development is needed before economic growth can make a real difference. High economic growth can even hurt theRead MoreEssay on Brazil as a Rising Power960 Words   |  4 PagesBrazil, as of today, is considered to be among the top ten countries in terms of economy, and the future predicts that will even grow more. Many aspects have contributed to Brazil’s rapid growth such as its government, investors, major oil discoveries and its hosting the 2014 FIFA and the 2016 Olympic which will strength Brazil’s image in the international arena and will economically benefit the state. Brazil economy keeps growing dramatically on a very high pace and its future see ms promising. 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The Imperative Advantages Of Welfare - 879 Words

The imperative advantages of welfare measures can be condensed as takes after: †¢ They give better physical and psychological wellness to labourers and along these lines advance a sound workplace Offices like lodging plans, health advantages, and instruction and diversion offices for labourers families help in raising their ways of life. †¢ This makes specialists to give careful consideration towards work and consequently builds their efficiency. †¢ Businesses get steady work power by giving welfare offices. Labourers take dynamic enthusiasm for their employments and work with a sentiment association and interest. †¢ Worker welfare measures expand the efficiency of association and advance sound mechanical relations in this manner keeping up modern peace. †¢ The social shades of malice pervasive among the works, for example, substance misuse, and so forth are decreased to a more prominent degree by the welfare approaches. †¢ Standards of Employee Welfare Service Taking after are by and large given as the standards to be followed in setting up a worker welfare administration: The administration ought to fulfil genuine necessities of the labourers. This implies the director should first figure out what the representative s genuine needs are with the dynamic interest of labourers. The administration ought to, for example, can be taken care of by cafeteria approach. Because of the distinction in Sex, age, conjugal status, number of youngsters, sort of occupation and the payShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Ronald Reagan1125 Words   |  5 Pagesover the education system should be in the hands of the states and their locals instead. (Method of coercion) Reagan’s fundamental promises to American society had been accomplished conveniently and underlying given the circumstances. â€Å"The growth of welfare and food stamp rolls came to a halt, even amid the recession with the highest level of unemployment in 40 years. Medicaid rolls have become nearly stabilized. President Reagan had revived the old concept of the deserving poor, whom he called theRead MorePoverty Epidemic Within American Society1524 Words   |  7 Pagesepidemic within American society that needs to be addressed. According to a 2012 report by the Cato Institute the United States government spends nearly one-trillion dollars every year to combat severe financial need through a total of 126 separate welfare programs. While this value by itself seems significantly large, perhaps to an even excessive extent, in reality it had little effect on the American poverty level, never al allowing it to drop below 10.5%. Even with these massive government expendituresRead MoreGovernment Assistance For Needy Families867 Words   |  4 Pageswe run into some rough patches. For example, one can suddenly get fired from their job but that does not stop the bills from rolling in especially when there is a family to take care of, in situations like this financial help can really be useful. Welfare programs like the â€Å" temporary assistance for needy families† purpose is give money to a group of parents and dependent children living together in a household. Another way that the government has been helping is by offering food stamps, food stampsRead MoreGovernment Assistance For Needy Families932 Words   |  4 Pageswe run into some rough patches. For example, one can suddenly get fired from their job but that does not stop the bills from rolling in especially when there is a family to take care of, in situations like this financial help can really be useful. Welfare programs like the â€Å" temporary assistance for needy families† purpose is give money to a group of parents and dependent children living together in a household. Another way that the government has been helping is by offering food stamps, food stampsRead MoreDecision Making Among Ncaa Autonomy Institutions1485 Words   |  6 Pagesthe NCAA, which will allow these institutions more power to determine how they operate (NCAA, 2015). The 65 power athletic departments will now have increased freedom to develop their own rules when it comes to decisions regarding student-athlete welfare, including increases in the value of athletic scholarships, enhancing the academic and athletic monetary support that student-athletes can receive (supplies, food, financial compensation, etc.) as well as making recruiting rules less stringent. Read MoreThe Ethical Responsibilities Of Business Ethics Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pages utilitarianism and egoism. Based on the information from Jean’s case, the existence of an ethical dilemma is implied. Generally, ethical dilemma is defined as† a complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another.†(Allen, n.d., para. 1). Ethical dilemma refers to a complex situation of moral conflicts without clear guidance about how to conduct (Almad, Ansari, Aafaqi, July, 2005, p.81). ThereforeRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1637 Words   |  7 Pagescompany (stock holdings), but to influence their business decisions through shareholder advocacy as well (Voorhis Humphreys, 2011). Therefore, companies who highlight and publish their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data are taking advantage of the increasingly popular market for SRI. In addition, community investing provides opportunities for investors to financially engage with communities directly in an effort to create social growth (Voorhis Humphreys, 2011). Consequently, independentRead MoreIccs Case Study927 Words   |  4 Pagesthoughtfulness regarding the program and to reexamine about the approach (i.e. from welfare to engaging individuals) and bringing the move so the advantages could reach to youngsters and ladies and recipients can assume a dynamic part in checking the program. Political will: the point of the program ought to be advanced as Making the state ailing health free and expediting the nourishment the need of political plan is imperative to acquire the subjective move the program. Ideal to get sustenance is theRead MoreCase Analysis : Incident At Morales1189 Words   |  5 Pagesaddition to this, a lot of funding came from other companies, engineering universities, societies, as well as individual contributors. The main focus of this video is the ethical responsibilities that engineers have to face along with the general advantages the public achieves the end. a. Ethical issues A number of ethical issues are portrayed in the video, out of which seven of these issues will be discussed. Firstly, the code of morals and instructions that come from the engineering licensing boardsRead MoreShould Welfare Be Limited with Time1714 Words   |  7 PagesShould Welfare be Limited with Time Picture this, you’re in the grocery store and you have budgeted yourself down to the last dime. You then think how hard you have worked for two weeks and you’re already low on cash because you had to pay rent, utilities, and other necessary bills. In front of you is standing a woman with a grocery cart full of groceries. You wonder how she can afford all that with the way prices are up. Then she pulls out a card, which looks like a debit card and tells the clerk

Magic Free Essays

3/30 The elements of tragedy brought forth by Aristotle are popular guidelines for literature and pertain to real life as well. Some of the components are rise to fame or noble birth, tragic flaw, reversal, and recognition. A large cooperation of the components is necessary for a tragedy. We will write a custom essay sample on Magic or any similar topic only for you Order Now The elements of tragedy are also evident in people as well. Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson exemplifies a tragic hero and his life path fits a large portion of the components of tragedy. Magic Johnson was a person of noble uprising and also posed a tragic flaw in his character. Ever since he was a young person, he loved playing basketball and was good at it. He obtained the nickname â€Å"Magic† after scoring a triple double his freshman year in high school. He rose to fame during his high school years and put up extraordinary numbers. He was destined to be a great basketball player. He later played at Michigan State University and won a national championship with them, sealing his validity as a basketball phenom. That shows how he had a noble uprising. His tragic flaw became evident during his NBA years. Magic was drafted by the Lakers and was an immediate star. The Lakers ended up winning the championship and Magic was named the MVP of the finals. He continued to play at a high level for years. His success went to head and was a little to free spirited, representing his tragic flaw. His tragic flaw led to his near death experience and his lost respect from the nation. The components of tragedy, especially noble uprising and tragic flaw are represented in the life story of Magic Johnson. Magic Johnson’s character flaw of ego mindedness and free spirit led to his tragic fall of his contraction of HIV. In the beginning of the 1991 NBA season, Magic was not feeling like himself. After some tests, Magic was positive for HIV, the deadly disease that can be contracted by blood transfusion and sexual intercourse and in Magic’s case it was sexual intercourse. Shocked, scared, and embarrassed he decided to release this news to the public. He explained how we got HIV from doing mischievous things and that he would have to move away from the game of basketball. This absolutely shocked not just Los Angeles but the entire nation. One of the United States’ biggest celebrity and role model was now in jeopardy of his life and was basically being shunned because of having this fatal disease. Some players did not want to play with him because they were scared that they would get it too. Magic Johnson’s tragic fall from NBA superstar reflects the essence of the tragic fall in the components of Greek tragedy. His flaw led him to weak and malign health and led him to an early hiatus in his career. His fall also put him in some infamy for the time being. Magic’s fall caused by his character flaw is exemplary of the guidelines of tragedy put forth by Aristotle. Magic Johnson’s recognition was and huge important part of his life and completes the cycle for the components of tragedy. Immediately he took matters into his own hands by admitting his fault and admitted he had multiple sex partners during his career. He also decided to test his wife for HIV and presented he with a huge apology and how he â€Å"lost his mind in the fast lane†. After over coming the odds, he rid of the disease and returned to basketball but was only in the league a couple of games. He later wrote a book about safe sex and became an incredible advocate for HIV awareness by taking the lead in that realm. He was easily one of the most influential people in the HIV awareness sector. He has also created his own foundation and is still a successful businessman today. Magic really did have recognition of his tragic fall. He admitted he was wrong and openly apologized to the public and increases his interests in the awareness of HIV and AIDS. He has realized his downfall and has done a lot to try and remove that from his past. His recognition is truly apart of his tragic story. Magic Johnson is the perfect subject for the tragic hero position. He exemplifies some of the components of tragedy. He had a noble uprising through his young years and presented a tragic flaw of his ego mindedness. Magic had a downfall with his contraction of HIV in part to his character flaw. He also posed arguably the most important part, the recognition including his apology to the nation, his teammates, and his wife. Magic is now considered a hero thanks to all of his HIV and post-NBA dealings, a. k. a his recognition. How to cite Magic, Papers

Purchasing and Inventory Management Brisbane Outdoors

Question: Purchasing and Inventory Management for Brisbane Outdoors. Answer: Introduction: Operations management provides the platform upon which the managers can design and control the process of production and reviewing the business processes. It focuses on the responsibility of ensuring an organization such as Brisbane Outdoor operate efficiently regarding the utilization of resources and meeting the customer needs. In the modern market, it is evident that fierce competition is inevitable. Conley-Tyler (2005) found that the introduction of the items with short life cycles and increasing expectations of customers are pressing the companies to pay attention to their supply chains. Indeed, the continued advances in transportation and communications technologies thus motivating the improvement of the supply chain as proved by Vrat (2014). In the supply chain, different stakeholders play distinct roles such the producers, shippers or transporters, intermediate storages and even procuring of the items. To this effect, the organizations such as Brisbane Outdoors should use an effective supply chain strategy by focusing on the interactions at different levels of the chain. The logistics network brings together suppliers, warehouses, manufacturing centres, retail outlets, and distribution centres. For an efficient supply chain, the organization should focus on the work-in-process inventory and flow of the product (Heizer, Render, Munson 2016). Brisbane Outdoors is suffering from a disjointed supply chain management and laissez-faire management approach where each manager operates distinct approach. Smith (2006) argues that the JIT process that the company is using seems to promote disjointed management approach that is creating disharmony in the management of the supply chain. The unconnected purchasing and inventory management systems were affecting the efficient of Brisbane Outdoors. Therefore, the rationalization of procurement and inventory management processes can lead to operational and financial gains. Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages of the Currently Processes Brisbane Outdoors seems to have mastered the act of Just-In-Time inventory management approach. Although the process may be against the stocking excess inventories, it involves managing with objectives. It appears that most of the managers in the company believe that maintaining inventory is expensive thus prefer the JIT program because of the following reasons (Prasad 1998). The JIT program serves the need of customers as it balances the goals of avoiding socking outs and minimizes inventory costs. With this system, it is possible for the firm to reduce inventory costs by reducing the holding space. The organization can thus invest the saved resources in the business growth. The strategy also ensures the company avoids wastages, especially for the slow moving stock. However, the JIT program requires significant coordination between suppliers and retailers within the distribution network (Cooper, Lambert, Pagh 1997). The coordination may prove involving and bears numerous risks. Supply-Chain and Inventory Management Concepts that can help the Company Brisbane Outdoors can improve its supply chain and by developing a highly structured supply chain management strategy. The approach will ensure the company exploits its competitive advantage and gain a market leadership position (Esper Waller 2014). Brisbane Outdoors should implement different strategies to increase efficiency and reduce investment and maintain the stock level. The plans would involve the following: Introduce few links in the supply chain The supply chain management is the only way to contribute to its success. For instance, the company can selectively purchase bulk merchandise that can transport it directly to the stores. However, eliminating the chains links would involve the supply chain innovation. For example, the company may directly engage with the manufacturers to minimize costs thus manage the supply chain efficiently. Kouvelis, Chambers, and Wang (2006) believed the Vendor Managed Inventory system would benefit the organization beyond the reproach. It is the only way that the firm can become responsible for managing stocks in its warehouses. The strategy will help Brisbane Outdoor fulfil its orders on merchandise. In fact, it will report low distribution costs thus becoming effective and efficient. Strategic vendor partnerships Brisbane Outdoors has to embark on strategic sourcing process so that it can identify products offered at the best prices for its suppliers. With strategic sourcing, the company will also determine the vendors who can help it meet the market demand (Heizer et al. 2016). To this effect, establishing strategic partnerships with its suppliers or vendors by offering them the high volume and long-term purchases as an exchange for the lowest offers on the products will be beneficial. Similarly, the company will become significant by streamlining its supply chain management as described by Mentzer et al. (2001). Besides, Brisbane Outdoors can construct communications and establish strong relationship networks with vendors so that it can improve the stock flow with the least inventories. Today, the network of global warehouses, suppliers, and retail stores seem to behave like one company. The collaboration will make the organization efficacious. Cross docking as inventory tactic In the modern business world, cross docking remains a logistic practice in replenishing the inventory efficiently. In fact, the direct transfer of stocks from outbound or inbound trucks and load the products directly into the outbound rail cars, trailers, or trucks, without considering the storage (Bregman 2014). The company needs suppliers to deliver products to its distribution centres. At these points or centres, the materials will get docked and delivered to the Brisbanes stores. Indeed, the cross docking technique will help the company to keep transportation and inventory costs down, eliminate inefficiencies, and reduce the transportation time. The company should purchase truck fleets to facilitate the delivery of the stock to its distribution centres, where the gods get stored and repackaged. The firm can thus use the trucks to distribute without storing in the inventory. As such, the stock would get loaded dock. With cross docking, the stocks get routed from vendors to warehou ses, then get shipped without time wastage. The strategy can significantly save costs and offer a highly competitive pricing. Technology Brisbane Outdoors needs to battle its competitors and come out a victor by pursuing low customer prices. The solution to this objective lies with the technology because the firm should embrace technology and become an inventor. Technology is the key driver of the supply chain as found by Esper and Waller (2014). To this effect, the company needs to invest in the information technology infrastructure. With the network design and the state-of-the-art technology, Brisbane Outdoors can accurately forecast demand, predict and track inventory levels, manage customer relationships, and create efficient transportation routes. The new technology will ensure the company achieves the best service response logistics. For example, by introducing Retail Link and Universal Product Code, it will be possible to collect and analyse information about the inventory levels. Bregman (2014) argues that the company can benefit from a global satellite system connected to its local links so that it can analys e the forecast vendor demands and network depending on the real-time sales and cash registers. The manufacturers and suppliers in the supply chain need to synchronize the demand projections based on forecasting and replenishment schemes, collaborative planning, and links in the chain through the technology. The firm can synchronize the systems through a central database, satellite network, and store-level point-of-sale systems as discussed by Wieland and Handfield (2013). In fact, the company can be innovative by sharing information with all its affiliate partners. The frequent informal cooperation among the suppliers, distribution centres, and stores creates a less centralized control. The firm will also benefit by tracking the customer demand and purchases thus allowing them to pull merchandise to stores thus compelling the company to push its goods onto the retail shelves. The organization can install the radio frequency identification tags that can facilitate the tracking of pallets of merchandise along with its supply chain. Since the suppliers and the company must handle the inventory, Brisbane Outdoors can encourage the vendors and suppliers to introduce the RFID technology. The smart tags ensure the employees can detect any item that requires replacement thus making the inventory or stock consistent. Recommendations Vendor managed inventory is one of the supply chain strategies that allows the supplier or vendor to have the responsibility to handle the customer stock. The supplier should have access to customers demand and inventory information to enhance the monitoring of inventory level. In fact, the vendor needs to have the responsibility and authority to replenish the stocks based on the jointly agreed inventory control objectives and principles as explained by Vrat (2011). In most cases, suppliers generate purchase orders based on the established inventory level plan, consumption data, shared forecast data, and historical sales information. Immediately the purchase order is completed, the vendor should provide the advance shipping notice to notify the buyer. The conventional business model will ensure the suppliers bill their customers based on the agreed payment conditions. The inventory management is essential in buffering the organization from the qualms in forecasting, vendor deliveries, and customer demand (Smaros, Lehtonen, Appelquist, Holmstrom 2003).Vendor managed inventory would be essential in dampening the valleys and peaks thus ensure the smaller buffers of inventory and capacity. To this effect, the vendor managed inventory would be vital in resolving the dilemma regarding the different performance measures. The approach is a partnering initiative will help the firm to improve its supply chain efficiency due to supplier-managed inventory and continuous replenishment. However, for Ketchen Jr. and Hult (2006), the Vendor managed inventory is a wrong idea that can ruin the multi-firm supply chain because it involves the coordination of stocks management outbound from distributors, manufacturer, retailer, or reseller. With the supplier-managed inventory, the vendor would allow for a smooth flow of raw materials inbound to the manufacturing process. The technology advancements seem good for the supply chain process as the stakeholders must integrate them in their relationships. For instance, Ms Green has an opportunity to introduce the shared point-of-sale data to facilitate the consignment selling contracts, especially in a situation where the vendor fails to sell a product to the client (Heizer et al. 2016). Undeniably, with the vendor managed inventory, it is possible to move the supply chain management to a higher level as the supplier finds a chance to align it to the functional performance of multiple companies. To this effect, it is possible to shift the functions to the lower-cost companies thus perform a cost trade-off across the boundaries of the firms. Vendor managed inventory suitability The vendor managed inventory remains a necessary coordination initiative. Ms Green can use the Vendor Managed Inventory as an initial step in a supply chain streamlining process between different players. Smaros et al. (2003) acknowledged that the supplier managed inventory relationship can prove difficult to create a relationship with the manufacturers with many customers. With the customer base involved in the process, the vendor should establish their clients to make non-vendor managed inventory customers efficiently. Monitoring inventory The system requires a continuous monitoring of inventory so that the supply chain strategy can benefit the organization. Ms Green should develop procedures to facilitate an ongoing control of the system. It should involve assigning the responsibility for this task thus ensures the vendors get covered by the system and maintain the management of inventory (Scott 2011). As part of the continuous monitoring process, the suppliers should conduct the physical counts. The organization requires a well-managed supply chain by establishing a system for inventory purchasing and maintenance. Importantly, the system requires proper planning and monitoring so that appropriate quantities of reagents and supplies thus avoid wastage. The implementation of the inventory management system requires assigning responsibility for the system by analysing the need of the firm Larson and Halldorsson (2004) held that the appropriate forms and logs would ensure Ms Green establish a procedure for receiving, storing, and inspecting supplies. Brisbane Outdoor should maintain an inventory system for the stocks. Therefore, proper management of the inventory would facilitate efficiency and effectiveness of the company as it offers an uninterrupted flow of stock. Action Plan The implementation of the proposed recommendations is possible as the move can restore the organization, and gives it a new lifeline. The company can achieve the objectives by using the following action plan. Recommendation Implementation Function Vendor-managed inventory strategy Create a shared-of-sale-point data Align functional performance of managers Create distribution centres Monitoring inventory and timely reporting Information sharing Technology Establish Retail Links databases Introduce RFID Monitor inventory Conclusion The operations management has proved to be a difficult task for the managers of Brisbane Outdoors thus affecting the companys efficiency and productivity. The challenge that has befallen the organization requires redress so that it can achieve an efficient and cost-effective supply chain. Since the company suffers from a disjointed management system where every manager plays different roles, the companys management must address the issue by instilling teamwork and collegiality among the major players. Technology will be essential in solving the inefficiencies affecting the firms supply chain. The new supply chain management strategy will offer the organization sustainable competitive advantages such as reduced carrying costs, low product costs, and improved in-store variety. Bibliography Bregman, RL, 2014, Production and inventory management journal, Production and Inventory Journal, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 1 99. Conley-Tyler, M, 2005, A fundamental choice: internal or external evaluation? Evaluation Journal of Australasia, vol. 4, nos. 1 2, pp. 311. Cooper, MC, Lambert, DM, Pagh, J, 1997, Supply chain management: more than a new name for logistics, The International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 8, iss. 1, pp. 114. Esper, TL Waller, MA, 2014, Introduction to inventory management: principles and strategies for the efficient flow of inventory across the supply chain, Pearson, Indiana. Heizer, J, Render, B, Munson, C, 2016, Principles of operations management + Myomlab with Pearson e-text access card sustainability and supply chain management. Pearson College, New York. Ketchen Jr, G Hult, TM, 2006, Bridging organization theory and supply chain management: The case of best value supply chains, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 573-580. Kouvelis, P, Chambers, C, Wang, H, 2006, Supply Chain Management Research and Production and Operations Management: Review, Trends, and Opportunities, Production Operations Management, vol. 15, no. 3, pp.449469. Larson, PD, Halldorsson, A, 2004, Logistics versus supply chain management: an international survey, International Journal of Logistics: Research Application, vol. 7, iss. 1, pp. 17-31. Mentzer, JT et al., 2001, Defining supply chain management, Journal of Business Logistics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 125. Prasad, S, 1998, International purchasing, inventory management and logistics research: an assessment and agenda, International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 18, Iss. 1, pp. 6 - 36. Scott, C, 2011, Guide to supply chain management, Springer, New York. Smaros, SJ, Lehtonen, JM, Appelquist, P, Holmstrom, J, 2003, The impact of increasing demand visibility on production and inventory control efficiency international, Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 445-465. Smith, JN, 2006, Who's who among the leading supply chain consultants, World Trade, vol. 19, iss. 11, pp. 4044. Vrat, P, 2011, Inventory models and human body food supply chain: some managerial insights, Ind English Journal, vol. 2, no. 27, pp. 8-16. Vrat, P, 2014, Material management: an integrated systems approach, Springer, New York. Wieland, A, Handfield, RB, 2013, The socially responsible supply chain: an imperative for global corporations, Supply Chain Management Review, vol. 17, no. 5.